{"id":4081,"date":"2020-07-04T12:09:31","date_gmt":"2020-07-04T09:09:31","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/akademiye.org\/tr\/?p=4081"},"modified":"2020-07-04T12:38:24","modified_gmt":"2020-07-04T09:38:24","slug":"uygur-turkcesi-grameri","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/akademiye.org\/tr\/?p=4081","title":{"rendered":"Uygur T\u00fcrk\u00e7esi Grameri"},"content":{"rendered":"
\"\"<\/h5>\n
<\/h5>\n
Do\u00e7. Dr. Erkan H\u0130R\u0130K\"\"<\/span><\/h5>\n

Uygur ad\u0131 \u00c7in kaynaklar\u0131nda farkl\u0131 \u015fekillerde kullan\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. Bu kaynaklarda Kao-ch\u2019e, Y\u00fcanho, Wu-hu, Wu-ho,Vei-ho, Hui-ho, Hui-hu\u201d gibi pek \u00e7ok \u015fekilde Uygurlardan bahsedilmektedir (Do\u011fan 2016: xiii). K\u00f6kt\u00fcrk yaz\u0131tlar\u0131nda Uygurlardan ilk kez 716~717 y\u0131l\u0131na denk gelecek \u015fekilde Uygur \u0130lteberi\u2019nin ismi vas\u0131tas\u0131yla bahsedilmi\u015ftir. Uygur ad\u0131na Karabalgasun, \u015eine-Usu, Tes II, Suci, \u0130yme 1 ve \u015eivet-Ulan yaz\u0131tlar\u0131nda da rastlan\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. Ayr\u0131ca bunlardan ba\u015fka, 1283 Numaral\u0131 Pelliot yazmalar\u0131 i\u00e7inde, 787-843 y\u0131llar\u0131 aras\u0131nda Tibet’e giden be\u015f Uygur el\u00e7isinin raporlar\u0131
\nm\u00fcnasebetiyle, Uygur ad\u0131 Tibet\u00e7e Ho-yo-hor \u015feklinde yaz\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r (G\u00f6me\u00e7 1999: 11-12). Uygurlar, 744-840 y\u0131llar\u0131 aras\u0131nda h\u00fck\u00fcm s\u00fcrm\u00fc\u015f ve Uygur ad\u0131 bu d\u00f6nemde devlet ad\u0131 h\u00e2line gelmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n

Uygurlar g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde \u00c7in Halk Cumhuriyeti\u2019ne ba\u011fl\u0131 Sincan Uygur \u00d6zerk B\u00f6lgesi\u2019nde ya\u015famaktad\u0131r. K\u00f6kl\u00fc bir ge\u00e7mi\u015fe sahip olan Uygurlar\u0131n ya\u015fad\u0131\u011f\u0131 bu co\u011frafyada K\u00f6kt\u00fcrk, Uygur, Karahanl\u0131, Harezm ve \u00c7a\u011fatay T\u00fcrk\u00e7esi ile eserler verilmi\u015ftir. B\u00f6ylece Uygurlar bug\u00fcn de zengin bir edeb\u00ee dile, edebiyata ve olduk\u00e7a canl\u0131 k\u00fclt\u00fcr hayat\u0131na sahiptir. Bug\u00fcn d\u00fcnyan\u0131n farkl\u0131 b\u00f6lgelerinde ya\u015fayan yakla\u015f\u0131k 25 milyon1 Uygur bulunmaktad\u0131r. Bu durum g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcz Uygur dilinin ve k\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fcn \u00f6nemini g\u00f6stermesi bak\u0131m\u0131ndan olduk\u00e7a dikkate de\u011ferdir.<\/p>\n

Bug\u00fcnk\u00fc Uygurlar\u0131n kulland\u0131\u011f\u0131 Yeni Uygur T\u00fcrk\u00e7esinin T\u00fcrk leh\u00e7elerindeki yeri bir\u00e7ok ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131n\u0131n tasnifinde g\u00f6sterilmektedir. Yeni Uygur T\u00fcrk\u00e7esi, Radloff\u2019un tasnifine g\u00f6re Do\u011fu diyalektlerinden Abakan diyalekti\u011finde; Samoylovi\u00e7\u2019in tasnifine g\u00f6re II. d- grubu (Uygur Kuzey Do\u011fu), z- alt grubunda; R\u00e4s\u00e4nen\u2019in tasnifine g\u00f6re III. Kuzey-Do\u011fu grubu, zalt grubunda; Benzing\u2019in tasnifine g\u00f6re Do\u011fu T\u00fcrk\u00e7esi (Uygur) grubunda; Menges\u2019in tasnifine g\u00f6re Orta Asya grubunda; Talat Tekin\u2019in tasnifine g\u00f6re ise IX. Ta\u011fl\u0131q grubunun i\u00e7erisinde g\u00f6sterilmektedir (Tekin 1989: 141-168).<\/p>\n

T\u00fcrk d\u00fcnyas\u0131 i\u00e7erisinde olduk\u00e7a \u00f6nemli bir konumda bulunan Uygurlar ve onlar\u0131n dilleri ile ilgili \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar, yukar\u0131da bahsedilen nedenlerden dolay\u0131 \u00f6nem kazanmaktad\u0131r. Bu ba\u011flamda ikinci bask\u0131s\u0131 geni\u015fletilerek Levent Do\u011fan taraf\u0131ndan haz\u0131rlanan Uygur T\u00fcrk\u00e7esi Grameri adl\u0131 eser, ayr\u0131 bir \u00f6nem kazanmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Do\u011fan taraf\u0131ndan haz\u0131rlanarak Eyl\u00fcl 2016\u2019da bas\u0131m\u0131 ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirilen eser, g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcz Uygur T\u00fcrk\u00e7esinin ses, \u015fekil ve c\u00fcmle bilgisini ele almaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Eser, S\u00f6z Ba\u015f\u0131nda bahsedildi\u011fi \u00fczere asl\u0131nda iki ana b\u00f6l\u00fcmden olu\u015fmaktad\u0131r. Birinci b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc gramer incelemelerinden, ikinci b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc ise Yeni Uygur T\u00fcrk\u00e7esi metinlerinden \u00f6rnekler olu\u015fturmaktad\u0131r. Her ne kadar eser, temelde iki b\u00f6l\u00fcmde ele al\u0131nabilir mahiyette olsa da gramer incelemesi olarak temel \u00fc\u00e7 b\u00f6l\u00fcmden meydana gelmektedir. Bu \u00fc\u00e7 b\u00f6l\u00fcmden \u00f6nce ise temel bilgi vermek maksatl\u0131 bir giri\u015f bulunmaktad\u0131r. \u00c7al\u0131\u015fman\u0131n Giri\u015f (s.23-27) b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcnde, Uygur T\u00fcrk\u00e7esi ve Alfabe ba\u015fl\u0131kl\u0131 bir b\u00f6l\u00fcm yer almaktad\u0131r. Burada Uygur T\u00fcrkleri, Uygur T\u00fcrk\u00e7esi, Uygurlar\u0131n ya\u015fad\u0131klar\u0131 co\u011frafya ve onlar\u0131n kulland\u0131klar\u0131 alfabeler hakk\u0131nda \u00e7e\u015fitli bilgiler verilmektedir. Eserin bu giri\u015f b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcnden sonra gramer incelemesinin yap\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 b\u00f6l\u00fcmler gelmektedir. Gramer incelemeleri kendi i\u00e7inde \u00fc\u00e7 b\u00f6l\u00fcme ayr\u0131lmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Gramer incelemelerinin ilk b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcn\u00fc Ses Bilgisi olu\u015fturmaktad\u0131r. Do\u011fan, bu b\u00f6l\u00fcmde \u00f6ncelikle sesleri \u00fcnl\u00fcler ve \u00fcns\u00fczler olmak \u00fczere ay\u0131rm\u0131\u015f, \u00fcnl\u00fcler ile ilgili olarak \u00fcnl\u00fc de\u011fi\u015fmelerine ve \u00fcnl\u00fc uyumlar\u0131na yer vermi\u015ftir. Bu \u00fcnl\u00fc de\u011fi\u015fmeleri ve uyumlar\u0131 kendi i\u00e7erisinde alt ba\u015fl\u0131klarla tekrar ele al\u0131nm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Ses Bilgisi b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcn\u00fcn \u00fcns\u00fczler ba\u015fl\u0131kl\u0131 k\u0131sm\u0131nda yazar, benze\u015fme, \u00fcns\u00fcz uyumu, \u00fcns\u00fcz d\u00fc\u015fmesi, \u00fcns\u00fcz t\u00fcremesi, kayna\u015fma, ikizle\u015fme ve tekle\u015fme, hece yutulmas\u0131 ve yer de\u011fi\u015ftirme ba\u015fl\u0131klar\u0131yla Uygur T\u00fcrk\u00e7esini incelemi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n

\u00c7al\u0131\u015fman\u0131n gramer incelemesi k\u0131sm\u0131n\u0131n ikinci b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcn\u00fc \u015eekil Bilgisi olu\u015fturmaktad\u0131r. Eserin bu b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcnde Uygur T\u00fcrk\u00e7esinin \u015fekil \u00f6zelliklerine de\u011filinilmi\u015ftir. \u015eekil bilgisi b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcn\u00fc s\u0131ras\u0131yla isimler, s\u0131fatlar, zamirler, zarflar, fiiller, edatlar, ba\u011fla\u00e7lar ve \u00fcnlemler olu\u015fturmaktad\u0131r. Do\u011fan\u2019\u0131n \u015fekil bilgisi b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcn\u00fc bu \u015fekilde s\u0131n\u0131fland\u0131rmas\u0131 kelimelerin c\u00fcmle i\u00e7indeki g\u00f6revlerini \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fct ald\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6stermektedir. Bahsi ge\u00e7en bu ba\u015fl\u0131klarda \u00f6rnekler \u00fczerinde \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcmlemeler yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015f ve konu anla\u015f\u0131l\u0131r h\u00e2le getirilmeye \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Kitabtaki gramer incelemelerinin \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc k\u0131sm\u0131n\u0131 ise \u201cC\u00fcmle Bilgisi\u201d olu\u015fturmaktad\u0131r. Uygur T\u00fcrk\u00e7esinin c\u00fcmle yap\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n incelendi\u011fi bu b\u00f6l\u00fcmde \u00f6rnek c\u00fcmleler \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcmlenerek Uygur T\u00fcrk\u00e7esinin c\u00fcmle bilgisi anlat\u0131lmaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. C\u00fcmle bilgisi, kendi aras\u0131nda iki ana ba\u015fl\u0131\u011fa ayr\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Birinci ba\u015fl\u0131kta kelime gruplar\u0131 g\u00f6sterilmi\u015f, ikinci ba\u015fl\u0131kta ise c\u00fcmle t\u00fcrleri anlat\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Kelime gruplar\u0131 isim tamlamas\u0131, s\u0131fat tamlamas\u0131, edat grubu, ba\u011flama grubu, tekrar grubu, isim fiil grubu, s\u0131fat fiil grubu, zarf fiil grubu, unvan grubu, birle\u015fik fiil grubu olarak, c\u00fcmleler ise yap\u0131lar\u0131na, y\u00fcklemin t\u00fcr\u00fcne, y\u00fcklemin yerine, anlam\u0131na g\u00f6re c\u00fcmleler olmak \u00fczere ele al\u0131nm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Eserde bu b\u00f6l\u00fcmle birlikte Uygur T\u00fcrk\u00e7esinin gramer incelemesi tamamlanm\u0131\u015f olmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n

\u00c7al\u0131\u015fman\u0131n son b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc ise Uygur T\u00fcrk\u00e7esi konusunda \u00f6rnek metin sa\u011flama konusunda \u00f6nemli bir yer tutmaktad\u0131r. \u00d6ncelikle Arap harfli Uygur T\u00fcrk\u00e7esi metinleri verilmi\u015f, daha sonra bu metinler transkripsiyonlu olarak g\u00f6sterilmi\u015ftir. Son olarak da bu metinler T\u00fcrkiye T\u00fcrk\u00e7esine aktar\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. \u00d6rnek olarak verilen bu metinler hik\u00e2ye, roman, \u015fiir, f\u0131kra ve Uygur Atas\u00f6zlerinden olu\u015fmaktad\u0131r. Bu b\u00f6l\u00fcm Uygur T\u00fcrk\u00e7esi konusunda okuma ve aktarma \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmas\u0131 yapmak isteyen \u00f6\u011frenci\/ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131lara b\u00fcy\u00fck katk\u0131 sa\u011flamaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Metinlerin yer ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 b\u00f6l\u00fcmden sonra gelen Kaynak\u00e7a k\u0131sm\u0131nda yazar bu \u00e7al\u0131\u015fman\u0131n olu\u015fturulmas\u0131nda faydaland\u0131\u011f\u0131 kaynaklar\u0131 s\u0131ralam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n

T\u00fcm bunlardan sonra eserin titizlikle haz\u0131rland\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 s\u00f6ylemek, Uygur T\u00fcrk\u00e7esini temel olarak \u00f6\u011frenmek isteyen \u00f6\u011frencilere b\u00fcy\u00fck katk\u0131lar sa\u011flayaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 belirtmek gerekmektedir. Ders kitab\u0131 mahiyetindeki bu \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma, T\u00fcrkoloji\u2019ye hizmet eden b\u00fct\u00fcn lisans\/y\u00fcksek lisans seviyesindeki b\u00f6l\u00fcmlerde Yeni Uygur T\u00fcrk\u00e7esinin \u00f6\u011fretilmesinde ders arac\u0131 olarak kullan\u0131labilir.<\/p>\n

Emek harcanarak titizlikle haz\u0131rlanan bu eseri, bilim \u00e2lemine sundu\u011fu i\u00e7in Yrd. Do\u00e7. Dr. Levent Do\u011fan\u2019a ne kadar te\u015fekk\u00fcr etsek azd\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Kaynaklar<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

DO\u011eAN, Levent (2016). Uygur T\u00fcrk\u00e7esi Grameri, \u0130stanbul: Paradigma Akademi.
\nG\u00d6ME\u00c7, Sadettin (1999), Uygur T\u00fcrkleri Tarihi ve K\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fc, Ankara: Ak\u00e7a\u011f Yay\u0131nlar\u0131.
\nTEK\u0130N, Talat, (1989), \u201cT\u00fcrk Dil ve Diyalektlerinin Yeni Bir Tasnifi\u201d, Erdem, 5\/13, ss. 141-
\n168.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Do\u00e7. Dr. Erkan H\u0130R\u0130K Uygur ad\u0131 \u00c7in kaynaklar\u0131nda farkl\u0131 \u015fekillerde kullan\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. Bu kaynaklarda Kao-ch\u2019e, Y\u00fcanho, Wu-hu, Wu-ho,Vei-ho, Hui-ho, Hui-hu\u201d gibi pek \u00e7ok \u015fekilde Uygurlardan bahsedilmektedir (Do\u011fan 2016: xiii). K\u00f6kt\u00fcrk yaz\u0131tlar\u0131nda Uygurlardan ilk kez 716~717 y\u0131l\u0131na denk gelecek \u015fekilde Uygur \u0130lteberi\u2019nin ismi vas\u0131tas\u0131yla bahsedilmi\u015ftir. Uygur ad\u0131na Karabalgasun, \u015eine-Usu, Tes II, Suci, \u0130yme 1 ve \u015eivet-Ulan yaz\u0131tlar\u0131nda […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[15],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-4081","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-uygur-tarihi-ve-kulturu"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/akademiye.org\/tr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4081","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/akademiye.org\/tr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/akademiye.org\/tr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/akademiye.org\/tr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/3"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/akademiye.org\/tr\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=4081"}],"version-history":[{"count":8,"href":"https:\/\/akademiye.org\/tr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4081\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":4098,"href":"https:\/\/akademiye.org\/tr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4081\/revisions\/4098"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/akademiye.org\/tr\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=4081"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/akademiye.org\/tr\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=4081"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/akademiye.org\/tr\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=4081"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}