{"id":306,"date":"2013-05-08T10:02:43","date_gmt":"2013-05-08T07:02:43","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/akademiye.org\/tr\/?p=306"},"modified":"2013-05-08T10:05:38","modified_gmt":"2013-05-08T07:05:38","slug":"buyuk-uygur-imparatorlugu","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/akademiye.org\/tr\/?p=306","title":{"rendered":"B\u00fcy\u00fck Uygur \u0130mparatorlu\u011fu"},"content":{"rendered":"

\"uygur-imparatorlu\u011fu\"<\/a>B\u00fcy\u00fck Uygur \u0130mparatorlu\u011fu,\u00a0G\u00fcne\u015f \u0130mparatorlu\u011fu\u00a0<\/em>Mu\u2019ya ait en b\u00fcy\u00fck ve en \u00f6nemli koloni imparatorlu\u011fuydu. Uygur \u0130mparatorlu\u011fu. Uygur \u0130mparatorlu\u011fu Mu\u2019dan sonra, d\u00fcnyan\u0131n gelmi\u015f ge\u00e7mi\u015f en b\u00fcy\u00fck imparatorlu\u011fu olma \u00f6zelli\u011fini de ta\u015f\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Uygur \u0130mparatorlu\u011fu\u2019nun do\u011fu s\u0131n\u0131r\u0131 Pasifik Okyanusuydu. Bat\u0131 s\u0131n\u0131r\u0131 yakla\u015f\u0131k olarak bug\u00fcn Rusya\u2019da Moskova\u2019n\u0131n bulundu\u011fu noktaya yak\u0131nd\u0131. \u0130leri karakollar ise Avrupa\u2019n\u0131n i\u00e7 k\u0131s\u0131mlar\u0131 boyunca Atlantik Okyanusu\u2019na dek uzan\u0131yordu. Kuzey s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131 belirleyen kay\u0131tlar mevcut olmamakla birlikte muhtemelen Asya\u2019da Arktik Okyanusa (Kuzey Buz Denizi) dek uzand\u0131\u011f\u0131 s\u00f6ylenebilir. G\u00fcney s\u0131n\u0131r\u0131, Ko\u00e7in \u00c7ini, Burma, Hindistan ve Pers \u00fclkesinin bir b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcyd\u00fc.<\/p>\n

http:\/\/onturk.wordpress.com\/2011\/05\/01\/buyuk-uygur-imparatorlugu-james-churcwardun-tespitleri\/<\/a><\/p>\n

Uygurlar\u0131n tarih\u00ee,\u00a0Ar\u00ee \u0131rklar\u0131n\u00a0<\/em>tarihidir, \u00e7\u00fcnk\u00fc ger\u00e7ek Ar\u00ee \u0131rklar\u0131n\u0131n t\u00fcm\u00fc, Uygur Atalardan gelmektedir. Uygurlar, ta Tertiyer d\u00f6nemlerden itibaren Avrupa\u2019n\u0131n i\u00e7 k\u0131s\u0131mlar\u0131 boyunca yerle\u015fim zincirleri olu\u015fturdular.\u00a0 \u0130mparatorluk b\u00fcy\u00fck manyetik fel\u00e2ket ve da\u011flar\u0131n y\u00fckselmesi sonucu yok olduktan sonra insanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n sa\u011f kalmay\u0131 ba\u015faran guruplar\u0131 ya da onlar\u0131n soyundan gelenler Avrupa\u2019da yeniden yerle\u015fimler meydana getirdiler. Bu, Pleyistosenik d\u00f6neme rastgelir. Slavlar, T\u00f6tonlar, Keltler, \u0130rlandal\u0131lar, Br\u00f6tonlar ve Basklar\u0131n hepsi Uygur k\u00f6kenlidir. Br\u00f6tonlar, Basklar ve hakik\u00ee \u0130rlandal\u0131lar, Avrupa\u2019ya Tertiyer d\u00f6nemlerde gelenlerin torunlar\u0131d\u0131r. Manyetik fel\u00e2ket ve da\u011flar\u0131n y\u00fckselmesinden kurtulanlar\u0131n torunlar\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Uygur \u0130mparatorlu\u011fu\u2019nun zirvesini ya\u015fad\u0131\u011f\u0131 g\u00fcnlerde, da\u011flar hen\u00fcz y\u00fckselmemi\u015fti ve bug\u00fcn Gobi \u00c7\u00f6l\u00fc olan yer, zengin, sulak bir b\u00f6lgeydi. Uygurlar\u0131n ba\u015fkenti i\u015fte buradayd\u0131; a\u015fa\u011f\u0131 yukar\u0131 Baykal G\u00f6l\u00fc\u2019n\u00fcn biraz g\u00fcneyinde. 1896 y\u0131l\u0131nda bir gurup k\u00e2\u015fif, Tibet\u2019te ald\u0131klar\u0131 bilgiler \u0131\u015f\u0131\u011f\u0131nda, eski Khara Khota kentinin alan\u0131n\u0131 ziyaret ettiler. Onlara Uygur ba\u015fkentinin Khara Khota harabelerinin alt\u0131nda bulundu\u011fu s\u00f6ylenmi\u015fti. Bu harabeleri kazmaya ba\u015flad\u0131lar. Sonra bir kaya, \u00e7ak\u0131l ve kum katman\u0131na ula\u015ft\u0131lar ki kal\u0131nl\u0131\u011f\u0131 on be\u015f metreyi a\u015f\u0131yordu ve nihayet ba\u015fkentin kal\u0131nt\u0131lar\u0131na ula\u015fmay\u0131 ba\u015fard\u0131lar. Bir\u00e7ok kal\u0131nt\u0131lar \u00e7\u0131kard\u0131lar, ancak paralar\u0131n\u0131n bitmesi \u00fczerine bu \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmadan vazge\u00e7mek zorunda kald\u0131lar. Rus arkeologu Kosloff\u2019a rastlay\u0131nca kendisine bulduklar\u0131n\u0131 anlatt\u0131lar. Daha sonra Kosloff bir ke\u015fif gezisi tertipledi ve Khara Khota\u2019daki \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmay\u0131 yeniden ba\u015flatt\u0131. Kosloff, bulduklar\u0131n\u0131,\u00a0Kay\u0131p K\u0131ta Mu\u2019da\u00a0<\/em>vermi\u015f oldu\u011fum bir raporla aktard\u0131.<\/p>\n

B\u00fct\u00fcn Do\u011fu \u00fclkelerinde kar\u015f\u0131m\u0131za \u00e7\u0131kan efsaneler \u015f\u00f6yle der: \u201cHimalaya Da\u011flar\u0131 da dahil olmak \u00fczere, Orta Asya\u2019n\u0131n tamam\u0131, bir zamanlar d\u00fczl\u00fckt\u00fc ve verimli, tar\u0131ma elveri\u015fli alanlar, ormanlar, g\u00f6l ve nehirlerle kapl\u0131yd\u0131. M\u00fckemmelen in\u015fa edilmi\u015f caddeler ve Kervan yollar\u0131 \u00e7e\u015fitli kent ve kasabalar\u0131 birbirine ba\u011flard\u0131. \u00c7ok iyi in\u015fa edilmi\u015f kentler, muazzam tap\u0131nak ve kamu binalar\u0131, \u00e7ok g\u00fczel \u00f6zel evler ve y\u00f6neticilere ait saraylar vard\u0131.\u201d Bug\u00fcn ise, Gobi \u00c7\u00f6l\u00fc\u2019nde, tufan\u0131n t\u00fcm topra\u011f\u0131 s\u00f6k\u00fcp yerine \u00e7\u0131plak kayalar b\u0131rakmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 k\u0131s\u0131mlarda, nehir, kanal ve g\u00f6llerin kurumu\u015f yataklar\u0131 bariz bi\u00e7imde se\u00e7ilebilmektedir. Gobi \u00c7\u00f6l\u00fc\u2019nde bu sular\u0131n s\u00f6k\u00fcp g\u00f6t\u00fcrd\u00fc\u011f\u00fc alanlardan \u00e7ok say\u0131da mevcuttur.<\/p>\n

Uygurlar\u0131n g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc d\u00f6nemlerinin hangi tarihlerde oldu\u011fu konusunda efsanev\u00ee tarih bir\u00e7ok \u00e7eli\u015fik rakamlar vermektedir. Ne mutlu ki efsanelere ba\u011fl\u0131 kalmak mecburiyetinde de\u011filiz. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc bir Tibet manast\u0131r\u0131nda baz\u0131 Naakal\u00a0(Ermi\u015f Bilginler\u2019<\/em>in)<\/em>\u00a0yazmalar\u0131 mevcuttur. \u0130\u015fte bunlardan birinden \u015fu al\u0131nt\u0131y\u0131 yapmak istiyorum: \u201cNaakaller, 70.000 y\u0131l \u00f6nce, Anakara\u2019n\u0131n Kutsal Metinlerinin kopyalar\u0131n\u0131 Uygur ba\u015fkentine g\u00f6t\u00fcrd\u00fcler.\u201d Efsanev\u00ee tarih, Anakara\u2019dan gelmi\u015f Uygurlar\u0131n Asya\u2019daki ilk yerle\u015fimlerini, bug\u00fcn Sar\u0131 Deniz k\u0131y\u0131s\u0131nda kalan yerde kurduklar\u0131n\u0131 s\u00f6yler. \u201cBuradan hareketle i\u00e7erilere do\u011fru yay\u0131ld\u0131lar. \u0130lk g\u00f6\u00e7leri son derece sulak ve d\u00fczl\u00fck bir ovaya do\u011fru oldu (Gobi).\u201d Bundan sonra t\u00fcm Orta Asya\u2019dan Hazar Denizi\u2019ne dek onlarla ilgili kay\u0131tlara rastlan\u0131lmaya ba\u015fland\u0131. Sonra, bu kay\u0131tlar, Orta Avrupa\u2019dan Atlantik Okyanusu\u2019na dek uzand\u0131.<\/p>\n

Yaz\u0131l\u0131 kaynaklar bize Uygurlar\u0131n pek \u00e7ok b\u00fcy\u00fck kentlerin bulundu\u011funu bildiriyor. Bunlar ya dalgalar taraf\u0131ndan al\u0131n\u0131p g\u00f6t\u00fcr\u00fclm\u00fc\u015fler ya da Gobi \u00c7\u00f6l\u00fc\u2019n\u00fcn kumlar\u0131 ve \u00e7evre b\u00f6lgelerin alt\u0131nda yat\u0131yorlar.<\/p>\n

M.\u00d6. 500\u2019lerden kalma baz\u0131 \u00c7in kaynaklar\u0131, Uygurlar\u0131 \u201ca\u00e7\u0131k renk sa\u00e7l\u0131, mavi g\u00f6zl\u00fc\u201d \u015feklinde tan\u0131ml\u0131yor: \u201cUygurlar\u0131n hepsinin parlak simalar\u0131, s\u00fct beyaz tenleri, farkl\u0131 renkte g\u00f6zler ve sa\u00e7lar\u0131 vard\u0131. Kuzeyde, mavi g\u00f6z ve a\u00e7\u0131k renk sa\u00e7 bask\u0131nd\u0131. G\u00fcneyde koyu renk sa\u00e7 ve g\u00f6z rengine rastlan\u0131yordu.\u201d<\/p>\n

\u015eimdi de \u015fu konular\u0131 ele almak istiyorum: Uygur ba\u015fkentinin y\u0131k\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131n sebebi ve tarih\u00ee; zengin, verimli Gobi\u2019nin \u00e7\u00f6le d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015fme sebebi ve bunun d\u00fcnya tarihinde hangi periyoda denk geldi\u011fi.<\/p>\n

Bir manast\u0131rdaki eski bir kay\u0131t \u015f\u00f6yle der: \u201cUygurlar\u0131n ba\u015fkenti t\u00fcm insanlar\u0131yla birlikte, \u0130mparatorlu\u011fun do\u011fu yakas\u0131n\u0131 boydan boya etkileyen ve her \u015feyi yok eden bir tufan taraf\u0131ndan yok edildi.\u201d Bu eski kay\u0131t, kesin jeolojik kan\u0131tlar\u0131na sahiptir:<\/p>\n

Ba\u015fkentin \u00e7at\u0131lar\u0131ndan eski Khara Khota\u2019n\u0131n temellerine dek, t\u00fcm bir katman\u00a0kayalar, \u00e7ak\u0131llar ve kumla kapl\u0131.\u00a0<\/em>Su basmas\u0131n\u0131n meydana getirdi\u011fi bu durumu d\u00fcnyan\u0131n her yerindeki t\u00fcm jeologlar kabul ediyorlar. Bu tufan hi\u00e7 ku\u015fu yok ki, Kutsal Kitaptaki \u201cTufan\u201d\u0131n, Son Manyetik Fel\u00e2ket\u2019in kuzey dalga ak\u0131\u015f\u0131yd\u0131. 1880\u2019lerde, Baykal G\u00f6l\u00fc\u2019n\u00fcn g\u00fcneyindeki bir noktadan Dena Nehri\u2019nin a\u011fz\u0131na ve Arktik Okyanusun \u00f6tesindeki adalara dek uzanan jeolojik bir ara\u015ft\u0131rma ekibiyle birlikteydim. Bu g\u00fczerg\u00e2h boyunca yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z g\u00f6zlemler binlerce y\u0131l evvel, i\u00e7inde buz bulunmayan dev bir fel\u00e2ket dalgas\u0131n\u0131n, g\u00fcneyden kuzeye do\u011fru bu b\u00f6lge \u00fczerinden ge\u00e7mi\u015f oldu\u011funu ortaya \u00e7\u0131kard\u0131. Greenwich\u2019in 1100 do\u011fusundan \u00f6tede bu tufan\u0131n izlerine rastlayamad\u0131k, ama bu dalgan\u0131n ard\u0131nda b\u0131rakt\u0131klar\u0131 do\u011fu y\u00f6n\u00fcnde yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z seyahatlerin s\u0131n\u0131r\u0131na dek ula\u015f\u0131yordu. Sibirya\u2019da yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalarda hi\u00e7bir yerde bu dalgayla \u00e2l\u00e2kal\u0131 olabilecek tek bir buz izine dahi rastlamad\u0131k. Her yerde bu dalgan\u0131n g\u00fcneyden kuzeye do\u011fru yol ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 konusunda kan\u0131tlar mevcuttu. Anla\u015f\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 kadar\u0131yla Lena Vadisi suyun esas g\u00fczerg\u00e2h\u0131n\u0131 olu\u015fturmu\u015ftur.<\/p>\n

Lena Nehri a\u011fz\u0131n\u0131n a\u00e7\u0131klar\u0131nda Llakoff Adas\u0131 bulunur. Bu ada mamut ve di\u011fer orman hayvanlar\u0131n\u0131n kemiklerinden olu\u015fmu\u015ftur. Tufan onlar\u0131 Mo\u011folistan ve Sibirya d\u00fczl\u00fcklerinden al\u0131p s\u00fcr\u00fcklemi\u015f ve bu niha\u00ee istirahatg\u00e2ha b\u0131rakm\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Bu kemikler de dalgalarda buz bulunmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 do\u011frularlar; \u00e7\u00fcnk\u00fc buzun oldu\u011fu h\u00e2llerde beden ve kemikler, Kuzey Amerika\u2019n\u0131n do\u011fusunda g\u00f6r\u00fcld\u00fc\u011f\u00fc \u00fczere bir bulamaca \u00e7evrilmi\u015f olurlar. Bu durumda b\u00f6yle kal\u0131nt\u0131lara rastlanmas\u0131 m\u00fcmk\u00fcn olmaz ve Llakoff Adas\u0131 gibi bir ada da asla meydana gelemez.<\/p>\n

Bu tufan, jeolojinin \u00f6ne s\u00fcrd\u00fc\u011f\u00fcne g\u00f6re Kuzey yar\u0131k\u00fcrede ya\u015fanm\u0131\u015f bir buz \u00e7a\u011f\u0131nda meydana gelmi\u015ftir. Oysa, kay\u0131tlar, Uygur \u0130mparatorlu\u011fu\u2019nun do\u011fu kesiminin ba\u015fkent de dahil tamam\u0131, \u00fczerinde ya\u015fayan t\u00fcm canl\u0131larla birlikte yok olur ve s\u00fcp\u00fcr\u00fcl\u00fcp g\u00f6t\u00fcr\u00fcl\u00fcrken, bat\u0131 ve g\u00fcneybat\u0131 b\u00f6lgelere hi\u00e7bir \u015fey olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 s\u00f6ylemektedir.<\/p>\n

Da\u011flar, Orta Asya\u2019y\u0131 t\u00fcm y\u00f6nlerde keser ve \u00f6zellikle de Uygur \u0130mparatorlu\u011fu s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131 i\u00e7inde kalm\u0131\u015f b\u00f6lgeler \u00e7evresinde ve i\u00e7inde da\u011fl\u0131k araziler bir hayli \u00e7oktur. Tufan\u0131 izleyen d\u00f6nem zarf\u0131nda da\u011flar\u0131n\u0131n ortaya \u00e7\u0131k\u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131n ne kadar zaman ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 konusunda hi\u00e7bir kayna\u011fa ula\u015fabilmi\u015f de\u011filim. Da\u011flar meydana \u00e7\u0131karken, toprak kelimenin tam anlam\u0131yla zang\u0131r zang\u0131r sallanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131 ve d\u00fcnyan\u0131n ba\u011f\u0131rsaklar\u0131ndan kayalar f\u0131\u015fk\u0131r\u0131rken, depremler ortal\u0131\u011f\u0131 parampar\u00e7a bir h\u00e2le getiriyordu. Bu genel y\u0131k\u0131ma bir de volkanlar\u0131n p\u00fcsk\u00fcrtt\u00fc\u011f\u00fc k\u0131zg\u0131n l\u00e2vlar il\u00e2ve olmu\u015ftu. Tufan sonras\u0131nda sa\u011f kalan Uygurlardan ka\u00e7\u0131n\u0131n da\u011flar\u0131n y\u00fckselmesi sonucunda meydana gelen y\u0131k\u0131mdan kurtulabildi\u011fini tahmin etmek g\u00fc\u00e7t\u00fcr, ancak \u00e7ok az say\u0131da olduklar\u0131 kesindir. D\u00fcnyan\u0131n her b\u00f6lgesinde da\u011flar y\u00fckseldi\u011finde durum ayn\u0131 olmu\u015ftur. T\u00fcm bu fel\u00e2ketlerden canlar\u0131n\u0131 kurtarmay\u0131 ba\u015faran bir avu\u00e7 Uygurludan birka\u00e7\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6yk\u00fcs\u00fc bir ba\u015fka b\u00f6l\u00fcmde anlat\u0131l\u0131yor. Gobi boyunca ve Gobi \u00e7evresindeki \u00e7e\u015fitli da\u011flar, b\u00f6lgenin su yollar\u0131n\u0131 de\u011fi\u015ftirdiler, altlar\u0131nda yer alan kayalar\u0131n \u00e7atlamas\u0131 suyu y\u00fczeyden \u00e7ekti ve yeralt\u0131 nehirleri olu\u015fturdu. Y\u00fczeyindeki t\u00fcm sular \u00e7ekilince, Gobi bug\u00fcnk\u00fc h\u00e2line d\u00f6nd\u00fc: Kumlu, kayal\u0131k, ya\u015fan\u0131lmas\u0131 g\u00fc\u00e7, kay\u0131p bir arazi. Ku\u015fkusuz, kumluk b\u00f6lgelerin y\u00fczeyden birka\u00e7 metre derininde, su bulunabilmektedir. Biz y\u00fczeyden 2-3 metre derinde su bulmay\u0131 ba\u015fard\u0131k.<\/p>\n

Efsanev\u00ee tarih, Uygular\u0131n, Avrupa\u2019n\u0131n t\u00fcm i\u00e7 b\u00f6lgelerine yay\u0131ld\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 anlat\u0131r. Kadim bir Hindu kitab\u0131 olanManu\u2019nun kitab\u0131<\/em>\u2019nda \u015f\u00f6yle der: \u201cUygurlar\u0131n Hazar Denizi\u2019nin kuzey ve g\u00fcney k\u0131y\u0131lar\u0131nda yerle\u015fimleri bulunuyordu.\u201d Bu, muhtemelen, Max M\u00fcller\u2019in Pleyistosenik d\u00f6nemde oldu\u011funu ileri s\u00fcrd\u00fc\u011f\u00fc g\u00f6\u00e7t\u00fcr; Uygurlar\u0131n Avrupa\u2019ya ikinci g\u00f6\u00e7\u00fcd\u00fcr. Bana \u00f6yle g\u00f6z\u00fck\u00fcyor ki, bilim adamlar\u0131n\u0131n verdi\u011fi isimle, Do\u011fu Avrupa\u2019n\u0131n ilk yerle\u015fimcilerinin, art\u0131k ya\u015fan\u0131lmaz h\u00e2le gelmi\u015f da\u011flardan ka\u00e7an Uygurlar\u0131n kurtulanlar\u0131 olduklar\u0131 kesindir. Max M\u00fcller de bunu do\u011frular gibidir, \u015f\u00f6yle yazar: \u201c\u0130lk Kafkasyal\u0131lar Orta Asya da\u011flar\u0131ndan gelmi\u015f k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck bir guruptular.\u201d Ayr\u0131ca Kafkas ovalar\u0131na Pleyistosenik d\u00f6nem s\u0131ras\u0131nda, y\u00e2ni da\u011flar\u0131n y\u00fckselmesinden\u00a0\u00f6nce\u00a0<\/em>de Avrupa\u2019dayd\u0131lar. G\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcz\u00fcn Orta Asya kabilelerinden bir\u00e7o\u011fu zaman\u0131, da\u011flar\u0131n y\u00fckselmesinden itibaren hesaplamaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Kay\u0131p K\u0131ta Mu<\/em>\u2019da, Kosloff\u2019un Khara Khoto\u2019da foto\u011fraflar\u0131n\u0131 \u00e7ekti\u011fi baz\u0131 sembolik resimlere yer vermi\u015ftim. Bunlar\u0131n de\u015fifrelerini de aktarm\u0131\u015ft\u0131m.<\/p>\n

T\u0130BET<\/strong><\/p>\n

Tibet, Orta Asya\u2019da yer al\u0131r. Do\u011fusunda \u00c7in, kuzeyinde Mo\u011folistan, g\u00fcneyinde Hindistan, bat\u0131s\u0131nda da Ke\u015fmir ve T\u00fcrkistan vard\u0131r. Gobi \u00c7\u00f6l\u00fc, kuzey s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131 dahilinde kalmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Tibet, bir zamanlar b\u00fcy\u00fck Uygur \u0130mparatorlu\u011fu\u2019nun bir par\u00e7as\u0131yd\u0131. Bu elbette da\u011flar\u0131n olu\u015fmas\u0131 \u00f6ncesiydi. O d\u00f6nemlerde \u00fclke d\u00fczl\u00fck ve verimliydi. Bug\u00fcn d\u00fcnyan\u0131n en y\u00fcksek pl\u00e2tolar\u0131ndan birini olu\u015fturmaktad\u0131r. Bat\u0131-do\u011fu istikametinde yo\u011funla\u015fan y\u00fcksek s\u0131rada\u011flar\u0131 olan Himalaya\u2019lar vard\u0131r. Everest Tepesi, d\u00fcnyan\u0131n en y\u00fcksek yeridir ve Tibet s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131 i\u00e7inde yer al\u0131r. Tibet\u2019e\u00a0\u201cd\u00fcnyan\u0131n \u00e7at\u0131s\u0131\u201d<\/strong>ad\u0131 da verilir.<\/p>\n

Hindistan\u2019a\u00a0\u201cgizem ve gizemli ilimler\u201d\u00a0<\/strong>\u00fclkesi denilir; Tibet ise, onun, bu a\u00e7\u0131dan rakibi de\u011fil k\u0131z karde\u015fidir.<\/p>\n

Tibet\u2019te, da\u011flar\u0131n en zor ula\u015f\u0131l\u0131r k\u0131s\u0131mlar\u0131nda bir\u00e7ok manast\u0131r, Lama evi ve tap\u0131nak vard\u0131r. D\u0131\u015f d\u00fcnyaya tamamen kapal\u0131 bi\u00e7imde, manast\u0131r sakinleri buralarda insanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n geri kalan\u0131ndan uzakta ve yukar\u0131da sakin inziva hayatlar\u0131 s\u00fcrd\u00fcr\u00fcrler. Bu vadilerde ya\u015fayan birka\u00e7 \u00e7oban h\u00e2ri\u00e7 kimse onlar\u0131n yerini bilmez. Bu Himalaya ve Tibet manast\u0131rlar\u0131n\u0131n\u00a0baz\u0131lar\u0131nda ya\u015fayan ke\u015fi\u015flerin bir k\u0131sm\u0131,\u00a0<\/em>3000 y\u0131l kadar \u00f6nce Brahmanlar taraf\u0131ndan Hindistan\u2019dan s\u00fcr\u00fclm\u00fc\u015f Naakallerin soyundan geldiklerini \u00f6ne s\u00fcrerler. Bu ki\u015filerin ba\u015flang\u0131\u00e7taki orijinal din\u00ee ve d\u00fcnyan\u0131n ilk B\u00fcy\u00fck Uygarl\u0131\u011f\u0131\u2019n\u0131n kozmik bilimlerinden baz\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131 korumu\u015f olduklar\u0131 izlenimi edinilir. \u201cBaz\u0131\u201d kelimesini bilhassa vurgulad\u0131m \u00e7\u00fcnk\u00fc, bu Tibet\u2019in y\u00fczlerce manast\u0131r\u0131 i\u00e7inde bu manast\u0131rlar\u0131n say\u0131s\u0131, bir elin parmaklar\u0131n\u0131 ge\u00e7mez. Ben sadece \u00fc\u00e7 manast\u0131r biliyorum. Manast\u0131rlar\u0131n \u00e7o\u011funda takip edilen Budizm\u2019in bir bi\u00e7imidir.<\/p>\n

Birka\u00e7 y\u0131l \u00f6nce, Schliemann Lhassa\u2019daki eski Budist tap\u0131na\u011f\u0131nda Mu\u2019nun yok olu\u015fuyla ilgili bir yazma buldu. Bu kay\u0131t, kar\u0131\u015f\u0131k olarak Pali ve Tibet dillerinde kaleme al\u0131nm\u0131\u015f eski bir tabletin terc\u00fcmesiydi. Orijinalin ak\u0131beti me\u00e7hul, ancak muhtemelen tap\u0131na\u011f\u0131n bir odas\u0131nda y\u00fczlerce di\u011fer tablet aras\u0131nda, tozlar i\u00e7inde yatmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Da\u011flar\u0131n i\u00e7lerinde, Brahmaputra Nehri\u2019nin kaynaklar\u0131ndan biri \u00fczerinde baz\u0131 tap\u0131nak ve manast\u0131rlar mevcuttur. Tam say\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131 bug\u00fcn hat\u0131rlayam\u0131yorum. \u0130\u015fte bu tap\u0131naklardan birinde Naakal k\u00fct\u00fcphanesinin tamam\u0131 denilebilecek binlerce tablet bulunur. Bana, bunun Uygurlar\u0131n ba\u015fkentindeki Naakal kitapl\u0131\u011f\u0131 oldu\u011fu s\u00f6ylenmi\u015fti. Bu tabletlerle ilgili biraz tuhaf, efsanev\u00ee bir hikaye anlat\u0131yor. Bu konuyu ya\u015fl\u0131 Ri\u015fi\u2019ye a\u00e7m\u0131\u015f ve bu tabletlerden ve tuhaf hik\u00e2yelerinden haberi olup olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 sormu\u015ftum. Bana gen\u00e7lik g\u00fcnlerinde bu manast\u0131ra bizzat gitti\u011fini ve tabletlerin \u00f6yk\u00fcs\u00fcn\u00fcn kendisine de anlat\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 aktarm\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Bu hikayeyi bana anlat\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u015fekliyle burada aktarmak istiyorum.<\/p>\n

Ya\u015fl\u0131 Ri\u015finin anlatt\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u015fekliyle\u00a0Naakal K\u00fct\u00fcphanesi\u2019nin Efsanesi:<\/em><\/p>\n

\u201cDo\u011fu ve Kuzeydo\u011fu Asya\u2019y\u0131 Tufan\u0131n kas\u0131p kavurdu\u011fu g\u00fcnlerde, Uygur ba\u015fkenti de yerle bir olmu\u015f, halk\u0131n\u0131n t\u00fcm\u00fc bo\u011fulmu\u015ftu. Bu esnada Naakallerin Anakaradan buraya getirdikleri b\u00fcy\u00fck bir k\u00fct\u00fcphane\u00a0 de topra\u011fa g\u00f6m\u00fclm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fc. Aradan y\u0131llar ge\u00e7tikten sonra Tufan\u0131n dokunmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 bat\u0131 b\u00f6lgelerde ya\u015fayan Naakaller, ba\u015fkentin harabelerine gittiler, tabletleri yerden \u00e7\u0131kard\u0131lar ve bat\u0131daki tap\u0131na\u011fa ta\u015f\u0131d\u0131lar. Da\u011flar y\u00fckselip, tap\u0131nak da tabletler de bir defa daha topra\u011fa g\u00f6m\u00fclene dek bu tap\u0131nakta kald\u0131lar. Aradan \u00e7ok uzun y\u0131llar ge\u00e7ti. Bu kez de da\u011flar\u0131n belirmesinden kurtulan Naakallerin torunlar\u0131 gidip k\u00fct\u00fcphaneyi toprak alt\u0131ndan \u00e7\u0131kard\u0131lar ve bug\u00fcnk\u00fc istirahatg\u00e2hlar\u0131 olan tap\u0131na\u011fa ta\u015f\u0131d\u0131lar.\u201d<\/p>\n

Bu manast\u0131r da, tabletler de me\u00e7hul de\u011fildir ve oryantalist \u00e2limlerce \u00e7ok iyi bilinmektedirler. Benim ki\u015fisel bilgim \u00e7er\u00e7evesinde \u00fc\u00e7 \u0130ngiliz ve iki Rus, bu manast\u0131r\u0131 ziyaret etmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n

Ri\u015fi, bu efsaneyi anlatt\u0131ktan sonra, kendisine bu k\u00fct\u00fcphanenin var olan yeg\u00e2ne tam kitapl\u0131k olup olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 sorusunu y\u00f6nelttim. Cevab\u0131 \u015f\u00f6yle oldu:\u00a0\u201cZannederim, hay\u0131r, o\u011flum. Bizim Ri\u015fi kentimiz olan Ayodhya, istil\u00e2c\u0131 ordu taraf\u0131ndan ele ge\u00e7irilip, yak\u0131l\u0131p y\u0131k\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131nda, Naakal K\u00fct\u00fcphanesinin tap\u0131na\u011f\u0131n gizli ar\u015fivlerinde oldu\u011fu ve d\u00fc\u015fman\u0131n bunlar\u0131 hi\u00e7bir zaman ke\u015ffedemedi\u011fini anlatan bir efsanemiz de vard\u0131r. Bu nedenle e\u011fer gelene\u011fimiz do\u011fru aktar\u0131yorsa, tap\u0131na\u011f\u0131n harabelerinin alt\u0131nda g\u00f6m\u00fcl\u00fc Naakal kitapl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n sapasa\u011flam duruyor olmas\u0131 gerekir; \u00e7\u00fcnk\u00fc oras\u0131 hi\u00e7 kaz\u0131lmad\u0131.\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n

Bana, yaz\u0131lar\u0131mda Tibet, Ke\u015fmir ve genel olarak Kuzey Hindistan\u2019daki t\u00fcm yer, yol, ge\u00e7it vb. adlar\u0131n\u0131 -politik anlamda \u00f6nem arz edebileceklerinden- sakl\u0131 tutmam \u00f6nerilmi\u015fti. Bu bilgilerin sakl\u0131 tutulmas\u0131 konusunda g\u00f6sterilen gerek\u00e7e son derece ge\u00e7erlidir. Bu \u00f6neriye uymay\u0131 hem bir sorumluluk hem de bir zevk addediyorum.<\/p>\n

\u00c7\u0130N<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u00c7in Uygarl\u0131\u011f\u0131, d\u00fcnyan\u0131n en eski uygarl\u0131klar\u0131ndan biri olarak d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcl\u00fcr ve kabul edilir. Bir\u00a0\u00c7in\u00a0<\/em>uygarl\u0131\u011f\u0131 olarak ge\u00e7mi\u015fi sadece 5000 y\u0131ld\u0131r. Genelde \u00c7inlilerin kendi uygarl\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 bizzat \u00fcrettikleri zann\u0131 h\u00e2kimdir. Hay\u0131r, bu do\u011fru de\u011fildir. \u00c7in Uygarl\u0131\u011f\u0131, babalar\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan gelen bir mirastan nasiplenmi\u015ftir. Ayr\u0131ca \u00c7inliler Mo\u011fol oldu\u011fu da zannedilir. Halbuki \u00c7inliler sadece yar\u0131m kan Mo\u011fol\u2019dur. Di\u011fer atalar\u0131, beyaz Ar\u00eelerdir. Uygur \u0130mparatorlu\u011fu d\u00f6neminde beyaz Uygurlar\u0131n bir\u00e7o\u011fu sar\u0131 \u0131rktan Mo\u011follarla evleniyorlard\u0131. Mo\u011fol \u00fclkesi Uygur \u0130mparatorlu\u011fu\u2019nun g\u00fcneyine d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcyordu ve bu \u00e7apraz evliliklerin \u00e7ocuklar\u0131 ilk \u00c7in \u0130mparatorlu\u011fu\u2019nu olu\u015fturdular. Kay\u0131tlarda \u015f\u00f6yle yaz\u0131l\u0131d\u0131r:\u00a0\u201cUygur erkekleri sar\u0131 vah\u015f\u00eelerin en iyileriyle evlendiler.\u201d\u00a0<\/em>Bunun bir \u00e7eviri hatas\u0131 oldu\u011funa ku\u015fku yoktur, \u00e7\u00fcnk\u00fc bu evliliklerin ger\u00e7ekle\u015fti\u011fi d\u00f6nemlerde, yery\u00fcz\u00fcnde vah\u015f\u00eelik diye bir mefhum bulunmuyordu. Bu bak\u0131mdan kastedilen ancak\u00a0\u201ca\u015fa\u011f\u0131 sar\u0131 \u0131rk\u201d\u00a0<\/em>olabilir. Bu anlay\u0131\u015f\u0131n da\u00a0\u201cSar\u0131 Mo\u011follar\u0131n Uygurlardan \u00e7ok daha geri olduklar\u0131, uygarl\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131n da Uygurlar\u0131nkinden geri durumda oldu\u011fu\u201d\u00a0<\/em>fikrinden do\u011fdu\u011funa ku\u015fku yoktur. G\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde \u00c7inlilerin bir\u00e7o\u011fu son derece beyaz tene sahiptir. Bu, damarlar\u0131ndaki Uygur kan\u0131na i\u015faret eder. Alt s\u0131n\u0131f olarak kabul edilen \u00c7inli-Kuli tipi ise Uygur kan\u0131 ta\u015f\u0131maz. Onlar da eski sar\u0131 Mo\u011follar\u0131n torunlar\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Bu \u00e7apraz evliliklerde Uygurlu taraf, \u00e7ocuklar\u0131n\u0131n Uygur standartlar\u0131na g\u00f6re yeti\u015ftirilmesine b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00f6zen g\u00f6stermekteydi. Bu nedenle \u00c7in \u0130mparatorlu\u011fu, ilk olarak damarlar\u0131nda Uygur kan\u0131 olan ve b\u00fcy\u00fck Uygur uygarl\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan nasiplenmi\u015f ki\u015filerce olu\u015fturuldu. O h\u00e2lde \u00c7in uygarl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n, atalar\u0131nca onlara aktar\u0131lan Uygur uygarl\u0131\u011f\u0131 oldu\u011fu s\u00f6ylenebilir. \u00c7in\u2019deki Tao tap\u0131naklar\u0131nda bunu do\u011frulayan pek \u00e7ok yazma vard\u0131r ve her \u00c7inli bilim adam\u0131 bunu hi\u00e7 sorgulamaks\u0131z\u0131n bunu kabul eder. \u00c7in\u2019de kar\u015f\u0131m\u0131za \u00e7\u0131kan bir ba\u015fka gelenek de \u015f\u00f6yle der:\u00a0\u201c\u00c7inliler Asyal\u0131 de\u011fildirler. Asya\u2019ya, do\u011fan g\u00fcne\u015f istikametinde uzak bir \u00fclkeden gelmi\u015flerdir.\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n

\u00c7in\u2019in efsanev\u00ee tarihini olu\u015fturan bir \u00c7in efsaneleri k\u00fclliyat\u0131 bulmak i\u00e7in \u00e7ok u\u011fra\u015ft\u0131m ama\u00a0 ba\u015far\u0131l\u0131 olamad\u0131m. Bu, b\u00f6yle bir eserin bulunmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 anlam\u0131na gelmiyor; sadece benim eri\u015fmem m\u00fcmk\u00fcn olmad\u0131.<\/p>\n

E.H. Parker\u2019in\u00a0\u00c7in\u00a0<\/em>adl\u0131 kitab\u0131n\u0131n 17. sayfas\u0131nda \u015fu al\u0131nt\u0131y\u0131 yapmak istiyorum:<\/p>\n

ERKEN D\u00d6NEM \u00c7\u0130N HANEDANLARI<\/strong><\/p>\n

<\/strong>\"\"<\/a><\/p>\n

Parker \u015f\u00f6yle demektedir:\u00a0\u201c\u2019Be\u015f H\u00fck\u00fcmdar\u2019 hanedan\u0131 t\u00fcm\u00fcyle mitolojiktir. Hia Hanedan\u0131 da efsanev\u00ee ve b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde mitolojiktir. \u015eang hanedan\u0131 esas olarak efsanevidir. \u00c7ov 10 yar\u0131 yar\u0131ya tarihsel, \u00c7ov 25 ise tarihseldir.\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n

T\u00fcm bunlardan Parker\u2019\u0131n sadece g\u00f6rd\u00fc\u011f\u00fcne inand\u0131\u011f\u0131; duydu\u011fu hi\u00e7bir \u015feye ise inanmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 anla\u015f\u0131l\u0131yor. \u00d6yle g\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcyor ki ona g\u00f6re bir efsanenin ne kadar do\u011fru olabilece\u011fi \u00f6nemli de\u011fil. \u0130nanabilece\u011fi yaz\u0131lar g\u00f6rmedik\u00e7e, onun i\u00e7in bir mitostan ibaret kal\u0131yor. Mitolojileri, nas\u0131l ortaya \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 anlamak \u00fczere k\u00f6klerine do\u011fru incelemek hep ilgimi \u00e7ekmi\u015ftir. Y\u00fczde doksan, mitosun k\u00f6keninde bir gelenek ya da efsane buldum. Gelenek ya da efsane o kadar tarif edilmi\u015fti ki, kusursuz bir mitosa d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015fm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fc. Ate\u015f olmayan yerden duman \u00e7\u0131kmayaca\u011f\u0131 hat\u0131rlanmal\u0131d\u0131r. Parker\u2019\u0131n mitos dedi\u011fi pek \u00e7ok durumda asl\u0131nda biraz tahrif edilmi\u015f efsanelerin oldu\u011fundan en k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck ku\u015fkum dahi yok. Bunlar sadece halk i\u00e7in gelenek niteli\u011fi ta\u015f\u0131yorlar; \u00e7\u00fcnk\u00fc ardlar\u0131nda, eski Tao tap\u0131naklar\u0131nda \u00e7e\u015fitli fenomenlerin yaz\u0131l\u0131 kay\u0131tlar\u0131 olmas\u0131 gerekiyor.<\/p>\n

Parker, M.\u00d6. 200\u2019lerden g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcze kadar \u00e7ok iyi ve son derece kapsaml\u0131 bir \u00c7in tarih\u00ee sunuyor. \u00c7e\u015fitli Mo\u011fol kabile ve topluluklar\u0131n\u0131n y\u00fckseli\u015f ve d\u00fc\u015f\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fc g\u00f6zler \u00f6n\u00fcne seriyor. Gelgelelim Japonlar konusunda tamam\u0131yla yan\u0131l\u0131yor. Onlar hakk\u0131nda yan\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131ndaysa, \u00f6ne s\u00fcrd\u00fc\u011f\u00fc di\u011fer iddialar da ku\u015fu alt\u0131nda kal\u0131yor. \u00d6yle bir yaz\u0131 stili var ki, yan\u0131nda b\u00fcy\u00fck boynuzlu bir koyun getiremedi\u011fi i\u00e7in, Marko Polo\u2019yu hapse atm\u0131\u015f gibi oluyor. Parker\u2019\u0131n Gobi harabeleri ile di\u011fer b\u00fcy\u00fck prehistorik harabelere ne \u015fekilde yakla\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 bilemiyorum. Anla\u015f\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 kadar\u0131yla bu gibi \u015feyler ona pek bir \u015fey ifade etmemekte. Uygur \u0130mparatorlu\u011fu\u2019nun y\u0131k\u0131l\u0131\u015f\u0131ndan yedi ya da sekiz bin y\u0131l sonra, Do\u011fu Asya\u2019da say\u0131s\u0131z k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck ulus meydana \u00e7\u0131km\u0131\u015f. G\u00f6r\u00fcld\u00fc\u011f\u00fc kadar\u0131yla hepsi, Mo\u011fol tipli. Bu Mo\u011fol uluslar\u0131n en \u00f6ne \u00e7\u0131kan\u0131 Tatarlar ki, Cengiz Han ve Kubilay Han en \u00f6nemli \u015fahsiyetler olarak kar\u015f\u0131m\u0131zda. Kubilay Han M.S. 1277\u2019de, yakla\u015f\u0131k 600 y\u0131l kadar \u00f6nce ya\u015fam\u0131\u015f. B\u00fcy\u00fck \u00c7inli \u00e2lim ve d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcr Konf\u00fc\u00e7y\u00fcs ise M.\u00d6. 551\u2019den, 480\u2019lere dek ya\u015fam\u0131\u015f; y\u00e2ni \u00c7in tarihinin \u00c7in\u2019de kaydedilmeye ba\u015flanmas\u0131ndan 300 y\u0131l kadar sonra. M.\u00d6. 214\u2019de, \u0130mparator \u00c7e Hvang-te, Eski \u00c7in\u2019le ilgili t\u00fcm kitap ve literat\u00fcr\u00fcn yak\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131 emretmi\u015f. Bunlar\u0131n b\u00fcy\u00fck k\u0131sm\u0131n\u0131 ele ge\u00e7irmi\u015f ve yakm\u0131\u015f. Bunlara Konf\u00fc\u00e7y\u00fcs ve Mensiyus\u2019un baz\u0131 kitaplar\u0131 da dahil. Heungnu Tatarlar\u0131n\u0131n Kuzey \u00c7in\u2019e s\u00fcrekli sald\u0131rmalar\u0131na mani olmak i\u00e7in b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00c7in Seddi\u2019ni in\u015fa ettiren de bu imparatordur. Ancak eski yazmalar\u0131n b\u00fct\u00fcn\u00fcyle yak\u0131lmas\u0131 konusunda ba\u015far\u0131l\u0131 olamaz; \u00e7\u00fcnk\u00fc bunlar\u0131n bir\u00e7o\u011fu kurtar\u0131l\u0131r ve Tao tap\u0131naklar\u0131na saklan\u0131r. Bug\u00fcn bu yazmalar, tap\u0131naklarda \u00f6zenle korunmakta ve tap\u0131nak rahipleri d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda hi\u00e7 kimseye g\u00f6sterilmemektedir.<\/p>\n

Do\u011fu Asya\u2019ya ay\u0131rd\u0131\u011f\u0131m b\u00f6l\u00fcm burada sona eriyor. Bunlardan sonraki b\u00f6l\u00fcm Bat\u0131 Asya ile ilgili. Do\u011fu Asya ve ba\u015fkentleri a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan B\u00fcy\u00fck Uygur \u0130mparatorlu\u011fu\u2019nun tabutunun kapa\u011f\u0131n\u0131 b\u00f6ylece kapat\u0131yoruz.<\/p>\n

TERT\u0130YER D\u00d6NEM UYGUR \u0130MPARATORLU\u011eU<\/strong>\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n

Tertiyer d\u00f6nem Uygur \u0130mparatorlu\u011fu\u2019ndan s\u00f6z etti\u011fim zaman, 20.000 y\u0131l \u00f6nceki Uygur \u0130mparatorlu\u011fu\u2019nu kastediyorum. Bu, Kutsal Kitaptaki \u201cTufan\u201d\u0131n ta kendisi olan Manyetik Fel\u00e2ketten mitolojik jeolojik \u201cBuz \u00c7a\u011f\u0131\u201dndan ve da\u011flar\u0131n y\u00fckselmesinden \u00f6nceki d\u00f6nem demek oluyor.<\/p>\n

S.219\u2019daki harita yaln\u0131zca bir karalamad\u0131r ve B\u00fcy\u00fck Uygur \u0130mparatorlu\u011fu\u2019nun boyutlar\u0131n\u0131 ve b\u00fcy\u00fckl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc g\u00f6stermek \u00fczere g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcz topraklar\u0131 \u00e7er\u00e7evesinde yaln\u0131zca bir fikir vermektedir. 20.000 y\u0131ldan bu yana bir\u00e7ok kara par\u00e7as\u0131 sulara g\u00f6m\u00fclm\u00fc\u015f, bir\u00e7o\u011fu da sonradan ortaya \u00e7\u0131km\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Pasifik\u2019ten Atlantik Okyanusu\u2019na do\u011fru Asya ve Avrupa\u2019n\u0131n i\u00e7 kesimleri boyunca ilerleyen bir hat \u00e7izdim. Bu hat ayn\u0131 zamanda \u0130mparatorlu\u011fun merkeziyle de ilgilidir.<\/p>\n

Uygurlar\u0131n kal\u0131nt\u0131lar\u0131na Balkanlarda da rastlan\u0131yor. Bat\u0131daki son ileri karakollar, Fransa\u2019daki Br\u00f6tonya ve \u0130spanya\u2019daki Bask memleketi. \u0130mparatorlu\u011fun Asya\u2019da nerelere kadar gittiyse bilinmiyor. Sibirya\u2019n\u0131n uzak k\u00f6\u015felerinde eski Uygur kentleri bulunmu\u015ftur.<\/p>\n

Haritadaki g\u00f6lgeleri k\u0131s\u0131mlar \u015f\u00fcpheli s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131 g\u00f6steriyor. Kesin olarak bilinen iki s\u0131n\u0131r, yaln\u0131zca do\u011fuda Pasifik Okyanusu ile g\u00fcneyde Naga \u0130mparatorlu\u011fu. Uygurlar, Avrupa i\u00e7lerinden Atlantik Okyanusu\u2019na dek ula\u015ft\u0131lar m\u0131, yoksa buralarda sadece ileri karakollar m\u0131 bulunuyordu? Bu, hen\u00fcz \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fclmemi\u015f bir bilmecedir. Ancak, bug\u00fcn Atlantik k\u0131y\u0131s\u0131nda onlar\u0131n soyundan gelenlere rastl\u0131yoruz. K\u00f6kenlerini s\u00f6ylemeye ise hi\u00e7 kimse te\u015febb\u00fcs etmiyor.<\/p>\n

Eski bir Do\u011fu belgesinde, Uygur \u0130mparatorlu\u011fu\u2019nun k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck krall\u0131k, beylik ya da devletler gibi bir yap\u0131 arz etti\u011fi anlat\u0131lm\u0131\u015f. Hepsinin kendi y\u00f6neticisi ya da h\u00fck\u00fcmdar\u0131 var. Ancak hepsi bir tek b\u00fcy\u00fck imparatorluk olu\u015fturuyorlar ve hepsinin \u00fcst\u00fcnde G\u00fcne\u015f \u0130mparatorlu\u011fu Mu\u2019ya ba\u011fl\u0131 bir tek imparator bulunuyor. Bug\u00fcnk\u00fc y\u00f6netim bi\u00e7imleriyle kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131r\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131nda, Uygur \u0130mparatorlu\u011fu\u2019nun, Amerika Birle\u015fik Devletleri\u2019nin geni\u015f \u00f6l\u00e7ekli bir benzeri oldu\u011funu fark etmek g\u00fc\u00e7 de\u011fil. Asl\u0131nda d\u00fcnyan\u0131n tek birle\u015fik devletleri ise Mu\u2019nun kendisidir. (s.220 \u2026 232)<\/p>\n

AVRUPA\u2019DAK\u0130 UYGURLAR<\/strong>\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n

Uygur \u0130mparatorlu\u011fu b\u00fcy\u00fck bir koloni imparatorlu\u011fuydu. Ota Asya\u2019n\u0131n t\u00fcm\u00fcn\u00fc, Pasifik Okyanusu\u2019ndan Ural Da\u011flar\u0131\u2019na dek i\u00e7ine al\u0131yordu ve Avrupa\u2019n\u0131n t\u00fcm merkez\u00ee noktalar\u0131nda koloni ve ileri yerle\u015fimleri bulunuyordu. Onlar\u0131 daha ileri gitmekten al\u0131koyan tek \u015fey, Atlantik Okyanusu\u2019ydu.<\/p>\n

Uygurlar\u0131n Avrupa\u2019ya geli\u015fi iki ayr\u0131 g\u00f6\u00e7 dalgas\u0131yla ger\u00e7ekle\u015fti. \u0130lk g\u00f6\u00e7le gelenler, genelde, B\u00fcy\u00fck Manyetik Fel\u00e2ket taraf\u0131ndan yok edildiler. Ard\u0131ndan da da\u011flar\u0131n y\u00fckselmesi fel\u00e2keti geldi. Tam olarak yok olmad\u0131lar \u00e7\u00fcnk\u00fc \u00fc\u00e7 k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck topluluk ya da s\u00fcl\u00e2le varl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 s\u00fcrd\u00fcrmeyi ba\u015fard\u0131. Bu guruplar\u0131n bug\u00fcnk\u00fc torunlar\u0131, Fransa\u2019daki \u00a0Bretonlar<\/strong>, \u0130spanya\u2019daki \u00a0Basklar<\/strong>\u00a0ve kendi tabirleriyle \u00a0\u201chas \u0130rlandal\u0131lar<\/strong>\u201d d\u0131r. Bu halklar\u0131n hepsi dil bak\u0131m\u0131ndan ba\u011flant\u0131l\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Ge\u00e7ti\u011fimiz y\u0131llarda New York\u2019lu bir m\u00fcteahhit, K\u00fcba\u2019da bir i\u015f alm\u0131\u015ft\u0131. M\u00fcteahhit, ustalar\u0131 getirecek, ancak i\u015f\u00e7iler K\u00fcbal\u0131 olacakt\u0131. M\u00fcteahhit, g\u00fcvendi\u011fi \u0130rlandal\u0131 ustalar\u0131n\u0131 yan\u0131na al\u0131p yola \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131. K\u00fcba\u2019ya geldiklerinde, g\u00fcndelik\u00e7i i\u015f\u00e7i olarak \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmaya gelmi\u015f bir gurup Baskl\u0131yla kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131lar. M\u00fcteahhit, onlar\u0131 \u015f\u00f6yle bir bakt\u0131 ve yard\u0131mc\u0131s\u0131na d\u00f6n\u00fcp \u015f\u00f6yle dedi:\u00a0\u201cBir \u00e7evirmen bulmam gerek. Ben d\u00f6n\u00fcnceye dek burada bekle.\u201d<\/em><\/strong>\u00a0Bir saat sonra \u00e7evirmenle geri d\u00f6nd\u00fc\u011f\u00fcnde, \u0130rlandal\u0131 yard\u0131mc\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 Basklar\u0131n ortas\u0131nda \u015fakala\u015f\u0131rken bulunca \u00e7ok \u015fa\u015f\u0131rd\u0131.\u00a0\u201c\u00c7evirmeni g\u00f6nder.\u201d<\/em><\/strong>\u00a0Dedi \u0130rlandal\u0131 Pat,\u00a0\u201cBu arkada\u015flarla ben ayn\u0131 dili, Gal dilini konu\u015fuyoruz!\u201d<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n

Benzer bir hikaye de Hindistan\u2019da ya\u015fanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Britanya ordusundan askerler, Tibet s\u0131n\u0131r\u0131 \u00fczerinde Nepal yak\u0131nlar\u0131ndan ge\u00e7mektedirler. Aralar\u0131nda \u0130rlandal\u0131 bir subay vard\u0131r. K\u00f6ylerden birinden ge\u00e7erken, subay duyduklar\u0131na inanamaz, tekrar kulak kabart\u0131r. Sonra gurubundan kopar ve yak\u0131ndaki birka\u00e7 yerle\u015fim yan\u0131na ko\u015far ve \u015f\u00f6yle der: \u00a0\u201cBegorah! Bu k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck \u015feytanlar benim ana dilimi konu\u015fuyorlar!\u201d<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n

18 A\u011fustos 1929 tarihli New York \u00a0Times gazetesinde, Leningrad kaynakl\u0131 bir haber yer al\u0131yordu; bu haberde Rus Bilim Akademisi \u00fcyesi profes\u00f6r N. \u00a0Marr\u00a0\u201c\u0130rlandal\u0131larla Ermenilerin \u0131rksal karde\u015fler olduklar\u0131n\u0131 ve antik \u00e7a\u011flar\u0131n en y\u0131lmaz sava\u015f\u00e7\u0131lar\u0131ndan olan Skityanlar (Scythians) vas\u0131tas\u0131yla birbirlerine ba\u011fland\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131\u201d<\/strong>\u00a0\u00f6ne s\u00fcrmekteydi. Ayr\u0131ca bu Asyal\u0131 halklar\u0131n, \u0130rlanda\u2019n\u0131n bug\u00fcnk\u00fc n\u00fcfusunun t\u00fcm\u00fcn\u00fc i\u00e7ermediklerini, sadece bu adan\u0131n bilinen ilk yerlilerinden gelenlerin kastedildiklerini de ekliyordu.<\/p>\n

Manyetik Fel\u00e2ket, Kutsal Kitaptaki\u00a0\u201cTufan\u201d<\/strong>\u00a0ve ard\u0131nca gelen da\u011flar\u0131n y\u00fckselmesi sonras\u0131nda, bug\u00fcn Ar\u00eeler olarak bilinen k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck Uygur guruplar\u0131, Orta ve Bat\u0131 Asya da\u011flar\u0131ndan inip Do\u011fu Avrupa\u2019ya da\u011f\u0131ld\u0131lar. Bu noktaya, \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131nda Maxs M\u00fcller de de\u011finmektedir. Bu ki\u015filer, tufandan ve Asya ve Avrupa\u2019daki da\u011flar\u0131n olu\u015fum fel\u00e2ketinden kurtulabilmi\u015f olanlard\u0131. Uygurlar\u0131n Avrupa\u2019ya birinci ve ikinci g\u00f6\u00e7lerinin her ikisinden de s\u00f6z eden Do\u011fu kay\u0131tlar\u0131 mevcuttur. \u0130lk g\u00f6\u00e7 dalgas\u0131, da\u011flar y\u00fckselmezden \u00f6nce, Pliyosenik d\u00f6nemde Avrupa\u2019ya girmi\u015fti. \u0130kinci g\u00f6\u00e7 ise Pleyistosenik d\u00f6nemde ve da\u011flar\u0131n olu\u015fumu esnas\u0131nda, y\u00e2ni ilk g\u00f6\u00e7ten binlerce y\u0131l sonra ger\u00e7ekle\u015fir. \u0130lk Uygurlardan kalma pek az kal\u0131nt\u0131 ele ge\u00e7mi\u015ftir. Bunlardan en \u00f6nemlisi, k\u0131sa s\u00fcre evvel bug\u00fcn Moravya olarak bilinen b\u00f6lgede ele ge\u00e7mi\u015f oland\u0131r. Burada, tufan ve da\u011flar\u0131n olu\u015fumu sonucu tarihe kar\u0131\u015fm\u0131\u015f bir topluluk ya\u015fam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. T\u00fcm yerle\u015fim harabeleri, da\u011f\u0131n etekleri alt\u0131nda bulunmu\u015ftur. (s.122 \u2026 126)<\/p>\n

[(Albay James Churcward-Bat\u0131k K\u0131ta MU\u2019nun \u00c7ocuklar\u0131\u00a0<\/em>kitab\u0131ndan aynen al\u0131nm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.) (Ege Mata Yay\u0131nlar\u0131)]<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n

Dip\u00e7e :\u00a0<\/em><\/strong>James Churchward Kimdir<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/a><\/p>\n

James Churchward<\/strong>, (d.27 \u015eubat 1851) \u2013 (\u00f6.4 Ocak 1936), \u0130ngiliz asker, ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131.<\/p>\n

1930\u2032lu y\u0131llarda yazd\u0131\u011f\u0131 kay\u0131p k\u0131ta\u00a0Mu\u00a0ile ilgili\u00a0Naacal Tabletlerini\u00a0\u00e7\u00f6zm\u00fc\u015f;\u00a0The Children of Mu<\/em>\u00a0(1931),\u00a0The Lost Continent Mu<\/em>\u00a0(1933), ve\u00a0The Sacred Symbols of Mu\u00a0(1935) adl\u0131 kitaplar\u0131 ile g\u00fcndeme gelmi\u015ftir. Bilinen en \u00fcnl\u00fc esrarengiz \u0130ngiliz yazar\u0131d\u0131r. Ayn\u0131 zamanda uzman bir bal\u0131k\u00e7\u0131 ve m\u00fchendistir.<\/p>\n

Churchward\u2019 a g\u00f6re, Mu\u2019nun yeri \u201ckuzeyde Hawaii, g\u00fcneyinde ise Fijis ve Paskalya Adas\u0131 olarak verdi.\u201d O, Mu k\u0131tas\u0131n\u0131n 64.000.000 n\u00fcfusa sahip oldu\u011funu iddia etti. Churchward g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczden 50.000 y\u0131l \u00f6nce, Mu k\u0131tas\u0131n\u0131n teknolojik olarak \u00e7ok geli\u015fmi\u015f oldu\u011funu iddia etti. Bu uygarl\u0131\u011f\u0131n kolonileri aras\u0131nda Hindistan, Babil, Pers, M\u0131s\u0131r ve Maya uygarl\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131n oldu\u011funu ara\u015ft\u0131rmalar\u0131 ile tespit etti.<\/p>\n

Yazar\u0131n bu \u00fc\u00e7 kitab\u0131 T\u00fcrkiye Cumhuriyeti kurucusu\u00a0M. Kemal Atat\u00fcrk\u2019<\/em>\u00fcn okudu\u011fu kitaplar ar\u015fivinde de yer almaktad\u0131r. Atat\u00fcrk 1930\u2032lu y\u0131llarda Tahsin Mayakon(Mayatepek)bey\u2019i ara\u015ft\u0131rma g\u00f6revlisi olarak Amerika\u2019ya yollam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Mu kavmi hakk\u0131nda bilgi edinmesi i\u00e7in bir\u00e7ok rapor d\u00fczenlemi\u015ftir Tahsin Bey. En \u00fcnl\u00fcs\u00fc 14. rapordur. \u00d6n T\u00fcrkler ile Mu kavmi aras\u0131ndaki ba\u011f\u0131 sorgulamak bab\u0131nda yap\u0131lan ara\u015ft\u0131rmalar sonucu Mu ile Meksika\u2019daki kavimler ve Naacal Tabletleri aras\u0131nda bir ba\u011f bulunmu\u015ftur.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

B\u00fcy\u00fck Uygur \u0130mparatorlu\u011fu,\u00a0G\u00fcne\u015f \u0130mparatorlu\u011fu\u00a0Mu\u2019ya ait en b\u00fcy\u00fck ve en \u00f6nemli koloni imparatorlu\u011fuydu. Uygur \u0130mparatorlu\u011fu. Uygur \u0130mparatorlu\u011fu Mu\u2019dan sonra, d\u00fcnyan\u0131n gelmi\u015f ge\u00e7mi\u015f en b\u00fcy\u00fck imparatorlu\u011fu olma \u00f6zelli\u011fini de ta\u015f\u0131r. Uygur \u0130mparatorlu\u011fu\u2019nun do\u011fu s\u0131n\u0131r\u0131 Pasifik Okyanusuydu. Bat\u0131 s\u0131n\u0131r\u0131 yakla\u015f\u0131k olarak bug\u00fcn Rusya\u2019da Moskova\u2019n\u0131n bulundu\u011fu noktaya yak\u0131nd\u0131. \u0130leri karakollar ise Avrupa\u2019n\u0131n i\u00e7 k\u0131s\u0131mlar\u0131 boyunca Atlantik Okyanusu\u2019na dek uzan\u0131yordu. […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1,15],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-306","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-genel","category-uygur-tarihi-ve-kulturu"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/akademiye.org\/tr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/306","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/akademiye.org\/tr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/akademiye.org\/tr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/akademiye.org\/tr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/3"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/akademiye.org\/tr\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=306"}],"version-history":[{"count":4,"href":"https:\/\/akademiye.org\/tr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/306\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":310,"href":"https:\/\/akademiye.org\/tr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/306\/revisions\/310"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/akademiye.org\/tr\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=306"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/akademiye.org\/tr\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=306"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/akademiye.org\/tr\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=306"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}