![\"\"](\"http:\/\/akademiye.org\/tr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/06\/Uygur-Devleti-1024x664-400x259.jpg\")
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Nebijan Tursun<\/p>\n
\u00d6ZET
\nYakup Bey\u2019in Tanr\u0131 Da\u011flar\u0131\u2019n\u0131n g\u00fcney b\u00f6lgesini kontrol alt\u0131na alarak Yette\u015feher Devleti\u2019ni kurdu\u011fu 1865 y\u0131l\u0131nda Tanr\u0131 Da\u011flar\u0131\u2019n\u0131n kuzeyindeki \u0130li b\u00f6lgesinde \u201c\u0130li\/Taran\u00e7\u0131 Sultanl\u0131\u011f\u0131\u201d kurulmu\u015ftu. Yakup Bey\u2019in devletinin gittik\u00e7e \u00e7lenmesi Orta Asya\u2019ya do\u011fru yay\u0131lma emelleri ta\u015f\u0131yan \u00c7arl\u0131k Rusya\u2019y\u0131 rahats\u0131z etti\u011fi i\u00e7in Ruslar bu iki ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z devleti yok etme plan ve stratejilerine h\u0131z verdi.
\n\u00d6te yandan Qing\/\u00c7in imparatorlu\u011fu da bat\u0131dan gelecek tehditleri bertaraf etmek amac\u0131yla Yakup Bey\u2019in hakimiyeti alt\u0131ndaki b\u00f6lgeleri i\u015fgal etmeyi g\u00fcndemine alm\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Yakup Bey 1871 y\u0131l\u0131nda Tanr\u0131 Da\u011flar\u0131\u2019n\u0131n g\u00fcneyi ve kuzeyini denetimi alt\u0131na almaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131rken \u00c7arl\u0131k Rusya asker g\u00f6ndererek \u0130li b\u00f6lgesini i\u015fgal edip \u0130li\/Taran\u00e7i Sultanl\u0131\u011f\u0131\u2019n\u0131 ortadan kald\u0131rd\u0131. Do\u011fudan ise Zo Zongtang komutas\u0131ndaki Qing\/\u00c7in ordusu Tanr\u0131 da\u011flar\u0131na do\u011fru ilerlemekteydi.
\nQing\/\u00c7in ordusu Yakup Bey\u2019i ma\u011flup ederek Tanr\u0131 da\u011flar\u0131n\u0131n g\u00fcneyini ald\u0131ktan sonra \u00c7arl\u0131k Rusya\u2019dan i\u015fgal etti\u011fi \u0130li b\u00f6lgesinden \u00e7ekilmesini istedi. B\u00f6ylece \u0130li b\u00f6lgesi iki b\u00fcy\u00fck imparatorlu\u011fu kar\u015f\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131ya getirmi\u015f oldu.
\n1878-1881 y\u0131llar\u0131 aras\u0131nda \u0130li krizinin \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fclmesi i\u00e7in \u00c7arl\u0131k Rusya ile Qing\/\u00c7in imparatorlu\u011fu aras\u0131nda \u00e7ok \u00e7etin diplomasi m\u00fccadelesi ya\u015fand\u0131. Ruslar 1877-1878 y\u0131llar\u0131ndaki Osmanl\u0131 ile olan sava\u015f\u0131n a\u011f\u0131r mali y\u00fck\u00fcnden dolay\u0131 Qing\/\u00c7in ordusuyla sava\u015fmay\u0131 g\u00f6ze alamazken, Qing\/\u00c7in ordusu da do\u011fuda Japon, bat\u0131da \u0130ngiliz bask\u0131s\u0131 ve Tanr\u0131 Da\u011flar\u0131\u2019n\u0131n g\u00fcneyindeki idaresinin hen\u00fcz peki\u015ftirilmemi\u015f olmas\u0131ndan dolay\u0131 Ruslarla sava\u015fmay\u0131 g\u00f6ze alam\u0131yordu.
\nB\u00f6yle bir ortamda \u0130li krizi 1879 y\u0131l\u0131nda iki imparatorluk aras\u0131nda imzalanan \u201cLivadiye Antla\u015fmas\u0131\u201d ve 1881 y\u0131l\u0131nda imzalanan \u201cPeterburg Antla\u015fmas\u0131\u201d ya da \u201c\u0130li Antla\u015fmas\u0131\u201d gibi antla\u015fmalarla sava\u015fs\u0131z bir \u015fekilde \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fclm\u00fc\u015f oldu. Bu antla\u015fmalar sonunda Ruslar Qing\/\u00c7in devletinden 9 milyon ruble tazminat al\u0131rken Qing\/\u00c7i\u00f1 h\u00e2kimiyeti de \u0130li b\u00f6lgesini Qing\/\u00c7in s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131 i\u00e7erisine katt\u0131. Bu makalede \u0130li krizinin ortaya \u00e7\u0131k\u0131\u015f sebepleri ve krizinin \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcm\u00fc i\u00e7in yap\u0131lan \u201cLivadiye Antla\u015fmas\u0131\u201d ve \u201cPeterburg Antla\u015fmas\u0131\u201dn\u0131n zorlu s\u00fcre\u00e7leri analiz edilmektedir.
\nAnahtar Kelimeler: \u0130li, Taran\u00e7i, Rus, Qing\/\u00c7in, Uygur, Tungan.<\/p>\n